The Ministry of Finance was supported by the Programme with the design of an environmental tax including the definition of  the taxable objects and the appropriate tax rate. Furthermore, questions regarding political acceptance, environmental impacts, administrative burden as well as non-intended economic and social impacts needed to be tackled. After several discussions and revisions, the Vietnamese parliament passed the Environmental tax law in 2010 with a large majority. As the law came into force in 2012, Viet Nam has succeeded in becoming a frontrunner in South East Asia on environmental taxation. The Vietnamese government levy taxes not only on energy in terms of refined fuels and coal but also on environmental harmful substances such as Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) substances, selected pesticides and soft plastic bags.

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